Pompey :: essays research papers

Question: Account for Pompey’s ascend to political conspicuousness between 78-62 BC. You are to inspect and examine political maneuvers of Pompey and endeavor to disclose how he figured out how to satisfy his aspiration. You should set up an away from of the complexities of the political circumstance and the impacts of the Civil War. Gnaeus Pompeius Crassus, also called Pompey, or Pompey the Great, was conceived on September the twentieth, 106 BC. Pompey was a Roman general and legislator, the past partner of Julius Caesar, however later his most despised adversary for power. Pompey was conceived in Rome into a senatorial family, and built up a noteworthy military record. He stopped the Servile War incited by the slave Spartacus; freed the Mediterranean Sea from privateers; vanquished the realms of Pontus, Armenia and Syria; and caught Jerusalem in 61 BC. He entered Rome in triumph, however experienced resistance from the Senate. Pompey at that point shaped a coalition, usually called the First Triumvirate, with Julius Caesar and Marcus Licinius Crassus. The profession of Pompeius opened in misrepresentation and viciousness. It was actuated, in war and harmony, through wrongdoing and foul play. Pompey was an extraordinary general, yet an awful government official. Pompey assisted with completion the slave revolt of Spartacus in 72 BC. Due to his administration capacities, Pompey was chosen representative in 70 BC. In any case, he ran into resistance in the senate, particularly from Marcus Crassus, and came back to driving the military to more successes. Pompey was an entrepreneur, he worked without anyone else, at the same time driving the senate to imagine that he was working with them. He controlled the senate to make out that Caesar was hazardous. Pompey turned into the most influential man in Rome. During the hour of his political unmistakable quality, the senate was powerless. In view of Pompeys fame with people in general and his military capacity, alongside his advantage, he rose to this political noticeable quality by his political maneuvers. The Civil War between Gnaeus Marius and Lucius Sulla was a central point that affected his political circumstance. Pompey was a youthful, sure man who had a propensity to flaunt the extent of his clientela, to publicize rulers and countries bound to his own devotion. (Promotion fam. 9, 9, 2: ‘regum air conditioning nationum clientelis quas oestentare crebro solebat). Pompey had from Thrance to the Causasus and down to Egypt recognizing his transcendence. The love of intensity, gave proper respect to Pompey as a divine being, a friend in need and a promoter, contriving after a short time a novel title, ‘the superintendent of earth and sea’.

Sultan Selim III essays

Ruler Selim III expositions I am Selim III, one of the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire. I am a replacement of my dad, Mustafa III. I have eleven spouses however had no youngsters. During my rule of eighteen years, I encountered triumphs, yet additionally endured numerous serious annihilations. I came to seat during the war with Austria and Russia and made the Turkish armed force, naval force and infantry units. I was detained by the individuals who contradicted my renewal and I was murdered not long after I was deposed. I have driven the Ottoman Empire with reasonable and equity. I was conceived in Istanbul on 24th of December, 1761. I was the child of Sultan Mustafa III and Mihrisah Sultana. Not long after I was conceived, my dad kicked the bucket leaving me as his replacement. Since I was excessively youthful to be a ruler, my uncle, Abdulhamid I, climbed the seat instead of my dad. He took great consideration of me and put extraordinary accentuation on my training. I grew up getting very knowledgeable. After my uncles demise, I was enthroned on seventh April, 1789 in my 28th year. I am a strict and I view myself as an energetic youngster. I was partial to writing and calligraphy. My work was put on the dividers of mosques and religious communities. Individuals think I am a capable artist, artist and an arranger. I additionally communicate in Arabic and Persian fluidly. My kin regard me and they are confident about my organizations. As a cutting edge man and reformist ruler, I endeavored to change and modernize the Empire. I have driven a large number of his military in fights and wars. I endure serious thrashings in the second Russo-Turkish Wars with Catherine II, however I endured no significant regional misfortunes when harmony was made at Jassy in 1792. As a sharp and reformist ruler, I set out to reconstruct the Turkish naval force on European lines and to change the military. In 1798, I joined the second alliance against France in the French Revolutionary Wars. Turkish powers lost Jaffa to Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon had attacked Syria in 1799 and took over Egypt, however I constrained Napoleon to withdraw. In 1806 wa ... <!

Using Industry Average Multiples For Valuation Finance Essay

Utilizing Industry Average Multiples For Valuation Finance Essay Valuation of value portions of an organization is a significant exercise and is performed on numerous events, be it speculation choice in a specific organization, merger, securing, rebuilding, open issue, and so forth. Utilizing industry normal different is a typical practice, particularly when an unlisted security is to be esteemed. The examination takes a gander at eight enterprises and endeavors to determine (a) which is the most steady industry normal various by utilizing the factual instrument coefficient of variety and (b) which would be the most significant money related execution parameter, which could be driving different of a specific security inside the business by utilizing measurable apparatus of coefficient of relationship. Official Summary An organization will get esteemed/re-esteemed on different events, for example, raising capital, offer of business, trade of offers, issue of investment opportunities, and so on. Valuation of traded on an open market protections is very clear and frequently directed for various occasions, while valuation of daintily exchanged or un-exchanged protections requires some extraordinary methodologies. There are three fundamental ways to deal with security valuation, for example, limited incomes, resource based valuation and comparables. Comparables are viewed as one of the most valuable and useful technique. Perfect methodology inside comparables is to discover a traded on an open market organization which is actually similar to the organization being esteemed and embrace a proper different as valuation metric. Finding such an organization is a test. Regardless of whether an organization is monetarily indistinguishable, numerous non-money related factors, for example, general market notori ety, stock liquidity, and so on could be impacted its valuation of a specific stock. Specialists regularly use industry normal products to counter this inconsistency. They could be utilized on an independent premise or alongside a lot of precise comparables. The articles investigations the idea of industry products in eight businesses: Private area banks, Public division banks, General food preparing, Agri Inputs, Edible Oil, Rice, Sugar, Plantations (tea, espresso, blossoms) and Auto-segments and attempts to respond to two inquiries: Which is the most suitable industry normal different? The model utilized is co-effective of variety. Products utilized are Market Capitalisation (MCap)/Profit After Tax, Enterprise Value (EV)/Earnings Before Interest Taxes Depreciation and Ammortisation (EBITDA), MCap/Book Value, MCap/Sales Which factor is the significant driver of a numerous in a specific industry? The creator has determined co-proficient of relationship between's various products and variables like incomes, multi year income development, edges, all out resources, arrangements, Return on Equity (ROE), Net worth. EV/EBITDA was the most steady various followed by Mcap/PAT (like P/E proportion). Income, total assets and edges were significant drivers. Catchphrases: Industry normal various, valuation, showcase capitalization, book esteem, coefficient of variety/connection Foundation There are numerous circumstances wherein an organization will get esteemed/re-esteemed, for example, raising capital, offer of business, trade of offers, issue of investment opportunities, and so forth. While, valuation is simple and genuinely directed (SEBI, the controller in India has characterized how a security is to be esteemed for various purposes) for a traded on an open market organization, valuation of a daintily exchanged or un-exchanged protections requires some exceptional methodologies. On occasion, examiners likewise esteem a very much exchanged organization to decide if it is esteem reasonable or if there is any conceivable up-side. Various ways to deal with valuation are as portrayed underneath: Comparables Resource Value EBITDA PAT Book Value Deals, and so forth. Value DCF Figure 1 Different valuation techniques Resource Value: Resource based methodologies, for example, book esteem (resource less liabilities as reflected in books of records) and feasible worth (showcase estimation of benefit less liabilities) are increasingly significant when the organization/vehicle is twisted up or broken up in any way. Limited Cash Flow (Discounted Cash Flow to the Firm): Limited income is, hypothetically, the best valuation technique. The organization ascertains its anticipated monetary presentation. These projections and their presumptions are checked against showcase factors, master conclusions. When the gatherings are certain with projections, incomes of the organization (called Cash Flow to the Firm) are determined as follows: EBIT X (1-Tax Rate) Less Working Capital Changes Less Capital Expenditure Add Depreciation. A significant segment of DCF based valuation is the Terminal Value. A year ago in the projection time frame is promoted as: Cash stream in terminal year X (1+ perpetual development rate)/(WACC enduring development rate). This is again limited to compute present estimation of terminal income. This methodology is very much perceived, yet isn't broadly utilized because of the accompanying confinements: The model includes various suspicions (I) Entire series of expectations going into computation of monetary projections, (ii) Market hazard premium, (iii) Long term development rate, and so forth which makes it abstract. The technique doesn't work with firms which have un-used resources, are currently re-organizing, which don't have positive working incomes, and so forth. Comparables: One of the most favored techniques for esteeming an organization is contrasting it and a freely exchanged organization of comparative nature called relative valuation. It is additionally the most instinctive strategy we practice it in valuing nearly everything land, things of day by day use, and so forth. In relative valuation, the estimation of an advantage is gotten from the evaluating of similar resources, normalized utilizing a typical variable, for example, profit, incomes, book worth or incomes. (Damodaran on Valuation: Security Analysis for Investment and Corporate Finance, by Ashwath Damodaran, Wiley Finance) A traded on an open market peer is recognized and contrasted with the organization viable regarding different valuation parameters like Price to Earnings, Price to Book, Price to Sales, Enterprise Value/EBITDA which ever is material and as needs be the estimation of the organization/security viable can be determined, for example In the event that an equivalent organization is exchanged at multiple times its income, the profit of the organization viable are duplicated by 15 to compute its worth. The methodology is genuinely straightforward, in any case, the test lies in finding a careful tantamount. There can be many separating variables, and some of them could be very distinct. The estimating of the traded on an open market companion would likewise be impacted by numerous non-target factors like: general market discernment, advertiser notoriety, unfriendly market gossipy tidbits, low liquidity in explicit stock, low degree of open holding, and so forth. Considering these, numerous examiners and industry specialists use industry-normal products, on an independent premise just as to direct/legitimize products of an individual or gathering of comparables. This carries us to the inquiries which the article expects to contemplate over: Which seat imprint ought to be utilized? Each industry has a few famous benchmarks, which properly catch money related and employable qualities, for example, the tea gardens are esteemed at specific occasions of their deals, so are football clubs. Assembling ventures are esteemed at certain season of their EBITDA or PAT by and large. Be that as it may, if an industry normal is to be utilized, high level of changeability in the numerous will bargain its unwavering quality. Another inquiry is the thing that drives a companys valuation. The range in products in numerous businesses will in general be very high. Some unmistakable money related factor could be a significant driver/differentiator for an organization. Which would be the driver in a specific industry? The article endeavors to respond to these inquiries by means of an activity on 214 organizations in 8 unique ventures. The creator has: Picked 8 enterprises dependent on his past work understanding Chosen distinctive openly recorded organizations in every industry Determined their products and money related parameters from different databases Checked the changeability of industry midpoints of products by utilizing the factual device co-proficient of variety to respond to the principal question (most solid benchmark) Run relationship between's a specific industry important seat imprint, for example, multi year development, edges, and so forth and the different for example relationship between's P/E proportions and book size in banking industry to address the subsequent inquiry. The separation of organizations across ventures is as per the following: Table 1 Sectors and number of organizations utilized in examination Industry No of organizations Private segment banks 14 Open segment banks 23 General food handling 16 Agri Inputs 8 Consumable Oil 17 Rice 7 Sugar 17 Ranches (tea, espresso, blossoms) 17 Auto-parts 85 Absolute 214 The accompanying products were utilized: Market Capitalisation (MCap)/Profit After Tax, Enterprise Value (EV)/Earnings Before Interest Taxes Depreciation and Ammortisation (EBITDA), MCap/Book Value, MCap/Sales. Mcap/PAT is like all the more generally utilized Price to Earnings per share (P/E), and Mcap/Book Value is like Price to Book esteem per share (P/B). The accompanying money related execution parameters were chosen for examination: Incomes of most recent accessible money related year, multi year income development, edges (PAT edge for banks and EBITDA edges for other people), absolute resources, arrangements, Return on Equity (ROE), Net worth Examination Private Sector Banks The accompanying banks were broke down inside private segment banks: HDFC Bank Ltd., ICICI Bank Limited, Axis Bank Limited, IndusInd Bank Limited, Yes Bank Ltd, Federal Bank Limited, ING Vysya Bank Limited, The Jammu Kashmir Bank Limited, Karur Vysya Bank Ltd., South Indian Bank Limited, City Union Bank Ltd., Karnataka Bank Ltd, Development Credit Bank Ltd., Lakshmi Vilas Bank Limited. Table 2 Results of private segment banks Banks (private) Numerous Parameter Mcap/PAT Mcap/Assets Mcap/Sales Mcap/Book Value Mean 8.40 0.09 0.88 1.19 StdEv 5.43

Nursing Milleniun Development Goals - 550 Words

Nursing: Milleniun Development Goals (Essay Sample) Content: Millennium Development Goals Name: Institution: Yoruba Culture Introduction The Millennium Development Goals were a brainchild of the Millennium Summit, hosted by the United Nations, in 2000. The conference focused on eight goals for international development (Wilkinson Hulme, 2012). A total of 189 member nations, at the time, came together to discuss ways and means of achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs include eradicating hunger and extreme poverty, a universal achievement of primary education, the realization of women empowerment and gender equality, and reduction of child mortality. The improvement of maternal health; combating malaria; HIV/AIDS and other diseases; enhancing environmental sustainability; and the establishment of an international development partnership are also part of the MDGs (Nwonwu Africa Institute of South Africa, 2008). Each goal had a specific timeline and targets aimed at achieving the objective. According to the G8, the finances for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) would come from the Internation al financial institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund,(IMF) in an attempt to accelerate the process (World Bank International Monetary Fund, 2005). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) are similar to the MDGs in that; they call for the global action to ending poverty, peace, and the protection of the planet from (Sachs, 2015). Peace and justice, economic inequality, climate change, sustainable consumption, and innovation are just a few of the SDGs (Pisupati Warner, 2003). Unlike the MDGs, the SDGs are a mere suggestion without a proper budget or schedule of how to achieve the prospects. Healthy People 2020 is a facet of the MDGs constituted by the United States government to combat health issues and diseases (Institute of Medicine, 2011). The program focuses on the prevention of illness through scientific experiments as well as health promotion initiatives (Edelstein, 2006). Healthy People 2020 aims at achieving a healthy population by the end of the year 2020. Discussion The Yoruba culture of Nigeria is one among the communities of the world, working towards the achievement of the MDGs (Falola Paddock, 2011). HIV/AIDS is a matter that threatened the lives and livelihoods of many Yoruba people. In the past, Nigeria stood among the highest ranking countries, in the world, in HIV/AIDS prevalence (Ajayi, 2003). Many Yoruba artists have come out to fight the pandemic by using music, dramatization, and choral verses to educate the community on how to build and safer and healthy society (Falola Agwuele, 2009). The artists also use art to reveal and discuss the sociocultural and economic effects of the spread of the disease. The communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s use of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"alternativeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ medicine in the fight against HIV/AIDS reveals a new way to solving the health issue, especially in Africa. As a result of the artistic combat, more Yoruba people know about HIV/AIDS, a move that has significantly reduced the prevalence of the dise ase. Secondly, many women in Yoruba suffered from violence and discrimination. The Yoruba culture demeaned women and used them as objects of male satisfaction. In a bid to achieve gender equality, the Yoruba culture invested in women empowerment and education, through the provision of training, to aid the women in developing lasting survival skills (Abama Kwaja, 2009). As a result, many Yoruba women are self-employed in pottery, basketry, activities that have enabled the Yoruba women to gain status. Also, numerous non-governmental organizations help support the women through group funds. There are also shelters for women who flee from their abusive husbands or homes (Bloomfield, et al. 2003). Most cultures in Africa place little value on educating the girl child (Lawal, Sadiku Dopamu, 2004). Retrogressive discriminatory beliefs coupled with early marriages pose the greatest threat to education in Yoruba (Olajubu, 2003). The Yoruba culture, through the help of the Nigerian government, advocates for the schooling of the girl child, with the aim of achieving a level ground for both the males and females (Matthews, 2002). Early marriages are now a thing of the past, in the Yoruba community. Conclusion No country can realize all the MDGs at once. It takes proper dedication and commitment to tackle the problems one by one. According to the discussion, it is clear that the Yoruba people are many steps closer to realizing the goals. It is the role of each state to ensure that they commit towards the realization of the NDGs. After all, the survival and prosperity of humanity rely on the MDGs. However, the community should focus more on the environment, as well as the reduction of infant mortality. References Abama, E. Kwaja, C. (2009). Violence Against Women in Nigeria: How the Millennium Development Goals Addresses the Challenge. The Journ...

Indian Ban On Tobacco Advertisements - 1469 Words

INDIAN BAN ON TOBACCO ADVERTS IN FAVOUR According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco accounted for over 3 million deaths in 1990, the figure rising to 4.023 million in 1998. It is estimated that tobacco related deaths would rise to 8.4 million in 2020 and to 10 million in about 2030. Internal industry documents released in the United States, described 14 – 24 year olds as â€Å"tomorrow’s business†. However, a study on tobacco consumption and employment, showed that effective policies to reduce smoking were likely to increase, and not decrease employment. The reason for this was that when people stopped smoking, the money did not disappear from the economy. It was spent on other goods and services, which showed, were more labor intensive. This in turn produced more jobs. On February 6th, 2001 the Government of India (GOI) announced that it would in a short time table a bill banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective of such a ban was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products and also arm the government with powers to launch an anti-Tobacco Program. In view of the aforementioned, a study by the WHO concluded that, ‘the ban was not unusual keeping in view the international precedents’. Countries like France, Finland, and Norway had already imposed similar bans. In 1981, the Supreme Court (of Appeal) in Belgium ruled that the ban on tobacco advertising was notShow MoreRelatedBanning Tobacco Advertising Ban On The Public Health Of Their People976 Words   |  4 Pagesbanning Tobacco companies from displaying any source of advertising or sponsoring any public events. The advertising ban took effect from May 1, 2004. In October 2, 2005, the Government of India prohibited any new programs or movies from showing any actors or actresses smoking as it glorifies smoking and sends a bad message to its viewers. According to a CNN article written by Leo Juarez, some actors seem to support the smoking censorship but some film directors seem concerned that the ban might leadRead MoreEthical Challenges Of Tobacco Advertisements1170 Words   |  5 PagesETHICAL CHALLENGES OF TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENTS 1 Ethical Challenges of Banning Indian Tobacco Advertisements Poitier Stringer University of the People ETHICAL CHALLENGES OF TOBACCO ADVERTISEMENTS 2 Ethical Challenges of Banning Indian Tobacco Advertisements The tobacco industry has long presented ethical challenges for governments that are tasked with looking after the public good. Tobacco producers have provided significant revenue for many economies, yet they specialize in the manufacturing and distributionRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Indian Government959 Words   |  4 PagesTobacco Advertising was the hot topic it was in the late 90 s and early 2000 s, but it is still something we should strive to understand and functionally work with. The European Union and the United States have banned advertisements from television, while only the United States has banned tobacco advertising for sporting events. The Indian government had enacted an initiative to ban tobacco advertising in sporting events in 2001 to help curb the appeal of tobacco use in minors. The ethicalRead MoreThe Government Of India ( Goi ) Proposed Ban On Tobacco Advertising946 Words   |  4 PagesThe Government of India (GOI) proposed ban on tobacco advertising was not unusual keeping in view the international precedents. Countries like France, Finland, and Norway had already imposed similar bans. An example is Belgium whose Supreme Court (of Appeal in 1981, gave its ruling that a ban on tobacco advertising was not unconstitutional. In a case which started in 1991 and ended in 1997, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, marketer of Camel cigarettes, was forced to withdraw its mascot, Joe Carmel, anRead MoreThe Government Of India ( Goi ) Proposed Ban On Tobacco Advertising947 Words   |  4 Pages1. The Government of India (GOI) proposed ban on tobacco advertising was not unusual keeping in view the international precedent s. Countries like France, Finland, and Norway had already imposed similar bans. An example is Belgium whose Supreme Court (of Appeal in 1981, gave its ruling that a ban on tobacco advertising was not unconstitutional. In a case which started in 1991 and ended in 1997, RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company, marketer of Camel cigarettes, was forced to withdraw its mascot, Joe CarmelRead MoreIndia s Government Should Ban Tobacco Advertisements900 Words   |  4 Pagesthe issue of tobacco advertising, and weigh the merit of each opposing viewpoint on whether or not India’s government should ban tobacco advertisements. 1. Those vouching for the ban of tobacco advertisements in India say that doing so is not unconstitutional, as it is meant to guard health of the general public. They also advocate that the state has the right to step in, when the general interest of its civilians may be at possible risk. Additionally, it was said that the ban would not hinderRead MoreBan Of Ban On Tobacco988 Words   |  4 Pages Those in favor of the ban on tobacco advertisements and sponsoring of cultural and sporting events in India noted that they were not the first country to be taking these steps. In fact, many European countries had previously invoked bans on tobacco beginning decades before. In both Belgium and France the ban was deemed to be constitutional as the main motivator behind this ban was public health, and not necessarily the desire to stop the tobacco industry from partaking in trade. BeyondRead MoreBan On Tobacco By The Government Of India1078 Words   |  5 PagesBAN ON TOBACCO BY T HE GOVERMENT OF INDIA INTRODUCTION According to Brown Williamson Tobacco Corporation â€Å"From an ethical standpoint, it would be wrong to try to cause people to take the risk of smoking. But even beyond the moral issue, for a product such as cigarettes well known to have serious health risks, it would be difficult even to understand how an advertising campaign could be devised to convince people to smoke. India s tobacco problem is very complex; the quote above depicts how ethicallyRead MoreThe Ban Of The Tobacco979 Words   |  4 PagesFor me tobacco is one of the useful but useless products that are consumed by some class of the human race in general. In the year 2001 the Government of India had announce an intention to lay an embargo on the advertisement of tobacco in the media in general, in-order to prevent luring the younger generation from getting involved in this act and also to arm the government with powers to launch an anti-Tobacco Program. After the declarations made by the government there is a negative uprisingRead MoreTobacco Advertising And The Indian Government997 Words   |  4 PagesTobacco Advertising and the Indian Government An Analysis of the Case Study In February of 2001, India joined many developed nations in a long-held and ongoing debate; that of the ethical responsibility of government in regards to the advertising of tobacco products. By 2001 many other nations had already decided to either place bans on or strongly restrict the advertising of tobacco products in an attempt to curb usage and thereby avoid the ill health effects associated with the product. While the

Tyranny in Macbeth - 874 Words

The only character responsible for the tyranny of Macbeth is the man himself. Discuss. In the Shakespearian play, Macbeth cannot be solely responsibly for the tyranny that he causes. Macbeths close relationship with lady Macbeth and his own ambitions to become king lead him to many evil actions. This relationship causes many fatalities, which is turn leads to changes in the personality of lady Macbeth and this can be seen, as she has difficulty in coping with the situation that she has put herself in. However, slow reactions by other characters in the play, may have been the cause many unnecessary events to occur. But, theses may not have mattered is it wasn’t for the apparitions given to two characters by the evil sisters, these†¦show more content†¦This contradicts to the actions of lady Macbeth after the tyranny that Macbeth causes. The crazy state of Lady Macbeth, which eventually caused her death, could have been non-existent if she hadn’t been the motivation and just as much the driving force behind her husband’s ruthless leadership. On the other hand, there are some characters that are also somewhat responsible for their lack of involvement, or failure to react quickly to the suspicious murder of King Duncan. These two characters are Banquo and Malcolm; although they are not directly involved in the cruel regime of Macbeth, they could have reacted quicker and they may have stopped many unfortunate events from occurring. Malcolm fleeing the country it fear of his life, takes the eye off Macbeth and immediately makes him a suspect. If he had stayed and put forth his suspicion of Macbeth, he may have stopped Macbeth from ever even becoming king and therefore taking away the likelihood of tyranny in the paly. More importantly, the way in which Banquo dealt with the issue, and his hesitation to reveal the prophecies of ‘weird women’ cause his own fatality. However, Banquo may feel his actions can be justified as he has also received prophecies that he ‘should be the root and father of many kings.’ This all goes back to the evil sisters and their prophecies, which started all of theShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Kingship In Macbeth938 Words   |  4 Pagestechnique under th e rule of James I through the prevalent theme of kingship throughout Macbeth, demonstrating the tyranny of the fictional Scottish King as the antithesis of the English monarch. Disassociation is established throughout the play as Macbeth is instead affiliated with the Bolingbroke dynasty, upholding the Tudor myth. This is achieved primarily through illegitimacy to the throne as unworthiness leads to tyranny, and ultimately, monarchical abuse (McCauliff 22). This parallels the progressionRead MoreMacbeth834 Words   |  4 PagesThemes in Macbeth This resource is designed as a reference guide for teachers. We have listed the major themes and motifs within Macbeth and provided examples of scenes where you can study them. Themes †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Ambition Kingship Fate and free will Appearance and reality Motifs (Recurring elements and patterns of imagery in Macbeth which support the play s themes) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Nature / The natural world Light and darkness Children Blood Sleep Visions Registered charity no. 212481 Read MoreThe Internal Thoughts and External Influences of Macbeth1178 Words   |  5 Pagesand events. Throughout Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the main character is faced with many pressures, both internal and external. Although his pressures are external at first, they later become internal and affect his character as well as his sanity. Macbeth feels externally pressured by his wife and the three apparitions given to him by the witches. Consequently, he begins to feel mentally pressured by his fear to secure the throne, his paranoia, and his sense of tyranny and blood lust. These pressures causeRead More The Breakdown and Restoration of Order in Macbeth Essay1299 Words   |  6 PagesThe Breakdown and Restoration of Order in Macbeth   Ã‚  Ã‚   When Macbeth kills King Duncan in William Shakespeares tragedy Macbeth, there is a breakdown of order throughout Scotland. This breakdown is evident through three main factors; within the person, mainly through Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, through the kingdom and through nature. From a completely ordered nation into the depths of chaos - Scotland collapsed from the lack of strong leadership. In the end, when resolution is reached, thisRead MoreMacbeth : Macbeth 1411 Words   |  6 PagesPeter Klimek Mrs. Moeller Macbeth Rough Draft 3/7/16 Ambitionz Az Macbeth Macbeth is a character in a play by Shakespeare with a tragic flaw. He had a quick rise to power and shortly after that a fall. Macbeth’s tragic downfall is a consequence of his vaulting ambition which is fueled by greed, fear and arrogance. Lady Macbeth and the three witches also have a major key in influencing his emotions. They manipulated the emotions he felt so he acted more rashly on them. Macbeth was a guy that couldRead MoreMacbeth Irony1610 Words   |  7 PagesMACBETH DRAMATIC IRONY The story of Macbeth written by the infamous William Shakespeare is an excellent storyline known and taught as a great piece of literature. Even after the creation of this tale almost 400 years ago, this wonderful written work is still admired and known all over the world. It is an adventure of a noble and truthful hero who is overcome by the lust for power and by greed. His aroused hunger for authority and supremacy leads to him losing his path and turning to the wayRead MoreAnalysis Of Macbeths Downfall1008 Words   |  5 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Macbeth, Macbeth, a once honored and valiant Thane, abandons all virtue after three meddling witches prophesize his ascent to the Scottish throne. Consumed by his ambition and encouraged by his malevolent wife, Macbeth sets forth on a downward spiral of murderous treason and tyranny that subsequently leads to his own demise. This Shakespearean tragedy explores betrayal, manipulation and the blood lust that ad joins a relentless climb for power. Hovering behindRead MoreEssay on The Sense of Evil Conveyed in Shakespeares Macbeth798 Words   |  4 Pagesand reality, guilt, ambition, violence and tyranny and order and disorder. Several quotes are weaved into the text in order to express more clearly the theme Shakespeare is attempting to convey. The themes all come together to enhance the dark symbolism of evil, and how it is actually conveyed. The most prominent theme throughout Macbeth is ambition. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth risk their innocence and will in order to pursue the throne. Lady Macbeth sees her husband as a coward, and thereforeRead MoreMotivation in Macbeth975 Words   |  4 Pagesnot only presents the actions of characters, but also helps us to understand what motivates characters to act the way they do. The tragedy, Macbeth, is a play where there are many dreadful events, and strong motivations behind them. Macduff and Macbeth are two characters of Macbeth who encounter great, but not always good, motivation for their actions. Macbeth is a heroic character at the beginning of this play unseaming men from the nave to the chops. He has much potential as a warrior, and hasRead MoreEssay on Imagery of Blood in William Shakespeares Play Macbeth1080 Words   |  5 PagesImagery of Blood in William Shakespeares Play Macbeth In the play Macbeth , William Shakespeare uses blood as a symbol throughout the whole story to show the different emotions and themes within the context of the play. It’s a bit ironic for someone whose name means â€Å"the son of life† that he has to take so many lives instead of being a father to the people he was trying to rule. The play refers to blood in three key points to create great imagery in this play, guilt, honor, and family/ancestry

Secure Software Development Cycle

Question: How secure software development cycle can provide help to mitigate SQL and other vulnerable attacks. Answer: Introduction This paper is about Secure Software Development Cycle and how it can provide help to mitigate SQL and other vulnerable attacks. Software Development Cycle is used to develop software solution in an active and reliable manner. But security of this development cycle is very much necessary to maintain. Secure Software Development Cycle is also known as S-SDLC refers to incorporating security into Software Development Life Cycle. In every phase, security will be highly preferred or stressed by developers. Incorporating security into software development framework provides various benefits to developers and users. There are some important reasons available for using S-SDLC, but the main reason is that it gives prevention from hackers and phishers. These attacks are vulnerable to computer systems and networks. Besides these attacks, Secure Software Development Life Cycle can control SQL attacks. In next segment of this report, we will discuss that how S-SDLC is beneficial for SQL Attacks. Discussion Secure Software Development Lifecycle can control SQL attacks, but before emphasize on this topic, it is important to discuss SQL attacks. SQL attack is also known as SQL injection attack. It is related to insertion or injection of SQL query via the input data from client side to application. A successful SQL injection or attack can read sensitive data from the application database, modify data, insert and delete data from the database. This SQL attack command injects the data-plane input to effect the execution of predefined SQL commands. S-SDLC provides help to control SQL injection in a way that while developing, security process tools and coding techniques are used, and the database coding is also done in a secured way. That is why it becomes difficult for hackers to access the database through an SQL injection. SQL injection enhances confidentiality and integrity of the database and this is necessary to get rid of SQL injection. Besides SQL injections, other attacks that put bad influence over database are virus attacks, malware, and denial of service attacks. These are some common attacks for computer and internet users. Secure Software Development Life Cycle is helpful to mitigate these attacks in a way that during the development cycle, at each phase virus and malware identification and scanning is implementing. This effort provides virus free software solution to users. In this way, secure software development life cycle is helpful to control SQL and other attacks effectively. After discussing secure software solution, now in next segment of this report, we will analyze some essential topics of an article that is about monitoring of security threats, vulnerability assessments and secure software development life cycle and some other important concepts. The purpose of analyzing this article is to explore the importance of secure software development lifecycle. (Owasp.org, 2016) Analysis of Article Security Posture This article delivers information about the security posture, and this is an essential aspect of maintaining security in organizations. Security posture is a security plan for business, and it consists of steps from planning to implementation. All technical, non-technical policies, procedures and controls are mentioned in it, and these can provide prevention from internal and external threats. This security posture is also active to get prevention from hackers, phishers, Spammers and Script Kiddies. Security Posture Assessment Security Posture Assessment is also known as security assessment, and it is a testing or examining process about client current infrastructure and system to identify issues regarding security, vulnerability, and possible loopholes. This security posture consists of different types of controls, Initial Baseline, Continuous Monitoring, Remediation, Performance Baseline and Tools such as protocol analyzers (Wireshark) and monitors for network i.e. HIDS and NIDS. These all tools are highly recommended for network monitoring to maintain security in an appropriate way. (Darryl MacLeod, 2012) Bypass of Security Equipment Besides above security posture and its other essential factors that are useful to maintain security for a long time, another solution is related to Bypass of Security Equipment. It provides help to target attacks against detection. Some ways in bypass of security equipment are failsecure/hardfail, and it reacts to failure in secure ways, and it is considered to be best security option. On other side softfail is reflected to be the least secure way to respond to failures. Next essential topic that is covered in this article is related to system auditing. This system audit is helpful to support procedures, security of systems and recovery of disasters. System Audits In this, baselines are state of IT practices and functionality of system at a specific point in time. This is a basis for comparison or measurement and provides necessary visibility to control change. System Audits can maintain security posture, policies and procedures and the focus of system audit is above discussed baselines. Besides this, right for access, storage, and retention policies are also come under system audit. (InfoSec Resources, 2013) From above discussion, it is cleared that the purpose of the article is to emphasize on essential activities and tools that are necessary to maintain security appropriately. Today with the advancement of technology, security concerns are also increasing, and users have to face issues like database violations and information leakage, etc. To handle these situations, security posture will be helpful enough. Before using security tools and techniques for maintaining security in computer systems and networks, vulnerability assessment is necessary. So that we can know about actual amount of risk in case of security. Vulnerability Assessment According to vulnerability assessment, risk occurs due to threat, assets and vulnerability. Assets can be any item of economic value that is owned by individual or business. Threat can be any circumstance that can put harmful impact over asset or can damage it and vulnerability is security weakness of asset and due to this weakness threat has occurred for asset. While assessing vulnerability regarding security some essential aspects are considered such as risk, impact and probability. Different tools are used for implementing vulnerability assessment such as penetration testing through network mappers (nmap, angry IP scanner, LanSpy). These above discussed processes like system audit, vulnerability assessment, and bypass security equipment can be used for secure software development cycle by developers for developing highly secure, reliable and quality software solutions for IT users. References Darryl MacLeod. (2012). What is Security Posture? Retrieved 17 March 2016, from https://darrylmacleod.wordpress.com/2012/03/09/what-is-security-posture/ 20 Critical Security Controls: Control 6 - Application Software Security | The State of Security. (2013). The State of Security. Retrieved 17 March 2016, from https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/security-data-protection/20-critical-security-controls-control-6-application-software-security/ InfoSec Resources. (2013). Introduction to Secure Software Development Life Cycle - InfoSec Resources. Retrieved 17 March 2016, from https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/intro-secure-software-development-life-cycle/ Owasp.org. (2016). SQL Injection - OWASP. Retrieved 17 March 2016, from https://www.owasp.org/index.php/SQL_Injection

Should Athletes Get Paid free essay sample

Should college Athletes Be Paid to play These days athletes are getting paid under federal labor laws and entitled to form unions and negotiate wages, hours and working conditions. Most college athletes these days are getting paid under the table according to Kenneth J. Cooper. This article explains why college athletes go to certain colleges. Donald Remy, the NCAA’s general counsel and vice president for legal affairs, says court precedents and tax laws have upheld the status of college athletes as students. Remy believes that student athletes are not employees under the law, and that they should not be treated as employees either by the law or by the schools they attend†. Tommy Amaker a former basketball star at Duke University now coaches at Harvard university men’s team said he could of got his education paid for at an incredible school but he didn’t want to. To me I think I would of did the same thing because I wouldn’t want free money that I di dn’t work for or didn’t win. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Athletes Get Paid or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If he would of took it and got caught he would most likely get in trouble and duke university would have to get theirs wins and their banners token down. They would have to get their wins and banners taken down because once you violate the NCAA rule that’s what the NCAA does because no one likes someone that breaks rules. I would for sure think they would get in trouble because the same thing happen to Derrick Rose and John wall for taking money from the university. When his teammates found out they were upset because all their hard work before and after the season didn’t even matter anymore. In this article it also talks about college athletes going to college but not for a education for the college experience, and to make it pro. I really agree with this because most college athletes would want to go pro and make the big bucks but sometimes it doesn’t always work like that. For example my cousin didn’t want an education all he wanted to do was make the big bucks and that’s what he did. Many at major collegiate programs never get a degree the NCAA’s own statistics show. Former players who did graduate may be less inclined to think they were employee athletes as the McCormicks call them. Do you think people play D1 sports for the love of the game or for a job? To me most people play for the love of the game and some play because their getting paid and to me when you get paid to play that’s not right. Both Amaker and Hicks went to private schools and you woundlt think private schools would pay their players but they sure did. It doesn’t matter what school you go to most students are going to get some type of money.

Annotated Bibliography Grading Rubric How Not to Lose Credits for Your Paper

Annotated Bibliography Grading Rubric How Not to Lose Credits for Your Paper What can be difficult about writing a list of references and adding a short description to each of them? Well, nothing. But somehow during this straightforward writing assignment students still tend to lose scores not because they are not skilled enough to complete it, but because it has loads of pitfalls and details one always has to remember. Here we will present you the best and the worst things you can do while creating an annotated bibliography – they will show you when your grade lowers down and how it can be raised. So, meet our annotated bibliography grading rubric and take those criteria into account every time you need to describe your sources! So, there are many factors that impact your grade for an annotated bibliography, and we bet that some of them have skipped your attention. But that’s ok because now you have this table that you can use to improve this particular writing task. Just answer each of the criteria question while polishing your annotations and you’ll be able to eliminate the possibility of being downgraded. Good luck with that!

Close Reading Interpretation of a FilmFavela Rising Movie Review

Close Reading Interpretation of a FilmFavela Rising - Movie Review Example He starts a revolution in order to offer an alternative life to the youth other than trafficking. He uses music as a device to make people aware of their oppressive condition and the ones who were causing and sustaining that condition. The documentary shows that the entire Favela society was plagued by the evil of trafficking because the culture was not internalized by the youth or the elderly. The prestige and power attached with a drug lord or the traffickers was something that attracted all the boys. A young boy talks about this in the movie. He says that drug traffickers have motorcycles and they get all the girls and talks about having plans about pursuing this path to get these perks. This lack of internalization of culture was identified by Sa who started the Afro Reggae movement to help the youth embrace their culture. With workshops they helped them to learn music and create awareness through revolutionary lyrics. Not only does the movie talks about how drug trafficking and violence is making life miserable for the residents it also talks about the failure of the state, the government and police to stabilize situation. The documentary suggests that the corruption is the main cause of misery. Drug trafficking is flourishing because of the corrupt police who help the traffickers. Apart from highlighting what the problem is, the film also points out the cause. It suggests that the police officials are corrupt because they are paid very less and they are not trained. Lack of proper training and control results in their inhumane behavior and brutality and low wages force them to be corrupt. The documentary shows how the people of the town are afraid of dying one day. Sa’s girl friend for instance says that she is scared that one day she will also be a victim of this violence. This can happen on any random day, in a market or street or school. The people of the town have no security at all. While the entire world is tangled in the knots of consumerism and competition of living the best and luxurious life the concern of these people on the other hand is just security of life. The documentary is one sole reason why the people around the world are now aware of the miserable condition of the people living in this town of Brazil. While the entire world weeps with the Israeli martyrs there is no one looking at the misery of these innocent sufferers in Brazil. The number of deaths in this part of the world is however far greater but still unnoticed. Hence the film gives these people a voice and tells the entire world their story. The film is showcased in a way that every individual is immersed in it. Spectatators connect with the characters and live their experiences. The film is compelling. This inspirational story of a social activist tells the world that social change is possible. War or arms are not the only way to end discrimination or violence. Alternatives are always possible. Though the cinematography, raw interviews and live s cenes carve the hearts of many, some critical observers may argue that at some instances the movie leaves no room for interpretation and gives a definite frame, beginning and ending to the audience. A lot of times the scenes were all created. These were not natural shots but these scenes were created. Cinema techniques and software tools were used to enhance

Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Report - Essay Example findings of leading Canadian organization like Angus Reid Strategies poll, the total number of people supporting legalization of cannabis usage in Canada is much higher than the people who are opposing it. The research, which was mainly conduced among the Canadian adults, especially in the region of British Columbia, has found that, â€Å"65% favored legalizing marijuana as a means of reducing gang violence, while only 35% favored increasing marijuana trafficking penalties.† (Canada: Two-Thirds of British Columbia Voters Favor Legalizing Marijuana, Poll Finds†, 5th August, 2009) Gang violence and other forms of criminal activisms are major concerns both for Canadian administration as well as for common people. Due to this reason some people are of opinion that legalization of marijuana will reduce the youths from indulging into this kind of antisocial activities. On the other hand, others are of opinion that implementation of proper penalties is the only solution to solv e this problem. Legalization of marijuana will only worsen the whole situation. This article by Peter BeckI has also been written in support of marijuana legalization in Canada. Unlike Ian Welsh, the author has not gone into balancing his arguments between economic and socio-moral perspective. It seems that his entire interest lies in the fact that how Canada can become a more economically prosperous nation. As he has found that legalization of Cannabis will help Canadian economy substantially, he accordingly has come up with his logically correct arguments. Canada: Two-Thirds of British Columbia Voters Favor Legalizing Marijuana, Poll Finds. (2009). Drug War Chronicle, Issue #584. Retrieved on October 18, 2009, from http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/584/british_columbia_marijuana_legalization_poll. This article provides us with quite recent and authentic information about recent Canadian condition on legalization of marijuana. We not only receive adequate information about reaction of

Poor indoor air quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Poor indoor air quality - Essay Example People spend majority of their time indoors and are exposed to numerous indoor contaminants / pollutants from other occupants (exhaled carbon dioxide, second hand smoke, perfume, body odors), building materials (gases, dusts, asbestos etc), furniture and fixtures (dust mites, vapors, gases), dampness (fungus, mould, bacteria) and cleaning agents used (toxic vapors, volatile toxic compounds). High or low level of humidity, improper ventilation, infiltration, lighting and noise also effect air quality. There are standard tests for gauging the air quality and remedies for improving IAQ to the set standards that verify good living condition for us. Poor IAQ can adversely affect health of a person which are summed up as a) Sick Building Syndrome (SBS): where health is adversely effected linked to how much time a person spends indoor yet the cause or illness cannot be identified, b) Multiple Chemical Sensitivities (MCS): where some might come under the effect, however medical opinion remai ns divided, c) Building-Related Illness (BRI): these are more serious yet less frequent cases with clinical symptoms proven linked to the IAQ, d) Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS): arises from passive smoking and increases the risk of coronary heart diseases (The International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC, 2002).

The Civil Reserve Air Fleet :: essays research papers

Abstract The Civil Reserve Air Fleet is a partnership between the Department of Defense and commercial airlines where the airlines contractually commit a portion of their aircraft and crews to be used by the Department in the event of any level of military conflict. These aircraft can be â€Å"called up† and required to respond quickly to provide airlift support to the Department of Defense. There are minimum required levels of participation in order for the airlines to be eligible, and in turn they receive peace time business including passenger and cargo movement approximately in proportion to their commitment level. The program is divided into three segments which include varying amounts and sizes of aircraft that serve specific purposes. There are also three levels of activation depending on the severity of the conflict, which also require different amounts and sizes of aircraft. This program has been in place for nearly 53 years, and has become an essential partnership required fo r an effective United States military. The following pages are an investigation various aspects of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet such as its purpose, history, and effectiveness. The Civil Reserve Air Fleet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) is a network of select aircraft from several commercial airlines that are all committed in various amounts to the Department of Defense (DoD) to provide airlift resources when the capability of U.S. military aircraft is exceeded. This system is designed so that these carriers can provide military cargo movement and troop transportation to anywhere in the world on short notice in the event of a military conflict. In order for airlines to join the CRAF, they must commit at least 30 percent of their long-range passenger fleet and 15 percent of their long-range cargo planes (Fact Sheet, 2004). These aircraft must also be U.S. registered, capable of over water operations, and have at least four complete crews assigned for each aircraft (Fact Sheet, 2004). Airlines that participate in CRAF have provided vital support to our military since the Korean War (Graham, David, 2003). The Persian Gulf War was the first official activation of th e CRAF, where two thirds of the troops and one quarter of the air cargo was moved by commercial airplanes (Graham, 2003). Though not officially activated, the CRAF is currently supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom, providing nearly double the amount of aircraft that the DoD has estimated for its most demanding war strategies. This paper will provide a brief explanation of the purpose of the CRAF, its history, the effectiveness of the program, and a quick look towards the future of the CRAF.

Black & Decker Power Tools Division

Module| Session| Course/Theme| Case| Who| When| Where| Case Leads/Due Date| T1| 8| Winning Through Marketing Management| Black & Decker – Power Tools Division| Joseph Galli, VP of Sales and MarketingNoran Archibald, CEO| January 1991| Towson, MarylandUnited States| November 28, 2012| What – Situation/Issues/Risks/ Decision| 1. B&D lost its market share of professional-tradesmen tools segment against Makita Electric of Japan 2.Makita held an 80% share in cordless drills, the single largest product category and a 50% professional-tradesmen tools segment share overall compared to 9% share of B&D 3. B&D maintained #1 market position in the Consumer and Professional-Industrial segments; and only 9% market share in Professional-Tradesmen segment| Company Business Model| SWOT| Competitors| PEST (political, economic, social, technological)| * B&D was the world's largest producer of power tools, power tool accessories, electric lawn and garden tools, and residential security har dware. Power tools market was categorized in three segments i. e. * Professional-Industrial Tools – commercial contractors working on large projects where corporation generally buy tools for their employees * Professional-Tradesmen Tools – individual contractors such as carpenters, electricians, plumbers, roofers, framers, etc. bought from Home Depot, Ace Hardware †¦ etc. * Consumer Tools (35% market share) – consumers purchased tools for â€Å"at home† use from mass merchants e. . Wal-mart, Kmart and hardware stores * Nolan became CEO in 1986 with 1st profitable year (~$50 million) after 5 consecutive years of losses, growth continued year after year reaching to an operating of income of ~$500 million in 1990 * 1981 – 1985 company lost money with a $158. 4 million loss in 1985 * B;D $4. 8 billion sales in 1990 (50% revenues from US and 50% from outside world) * Substantial brand equity i. e. 7 in US and #19 in Europe out of 6000 brands * Acqu ired Emhart corporation in 1989 which doubled the revenue and also increased debt to $4. 2 billion i. e. 80% of the total capital| S * Brand awareness (98%) * Efficient distribution channels * Ranked #1 in two of the three segments * Market penetration in all three segments with separate product lines specifically targeted for each segment * Faster (9%) growth rate in weakest segment Some retailers regarded Makita as â€Å"arrogant and dictorial† * Very strong product quality for majority of the items| W * Poor reputation in Prof-Tradesmen segment * Product color scheme (Black ; Charcoal) * Only 9% mkt share in Prof-tradesmen segment * Profitability was near zero| * Makita electric, Milwaukee, Ryobi, Skil, Craftsman, Porter-Cable, Bosch| P * | E * | | O * Improve poor brand quality perception for tradesmen segment * Product color scheme * Reduce SG+A cost, currently at ~25% * | T * Increased competition.The top three manufacturers i. e. Makita, Milwaukee and B;D offer product lines at ~175 SKUs each| | S * Peer pressure, tradesmen laughed at if they use B;D gray things * | T * | Financials| Options ; Evaluation| * | 1. Option 1. Harvest Professional-Tradesmen Channels 2. Option 2. Get Behind Black ; Decker Name with Sub-Branding 3. Option 3. Drop the Black ; Decker Name from the Professional-Tradesmen Segment 4.Option 4. Launch new product line under DeWalt brand in addition to existing B;D product line for Professional-Tradesmen segment. This option is similar to option 3 except under this option a new brand is launched to compete with other suppliers for the targeted market segment. | Recommendation ; Rationale| Action / Implementation| See answer of Q2 below. | See answer of Q3 below. | Key Learnings ; Why is this important| * | Assignment Questions| 1.Why is Makita outselling Black and Decker 8 to 1 in an account that gives them equal shelf space? a. Makita provided a good baseline option in all major categories compared to other suppliers who had s trengths in particular product(s) e. g. Skil provided good circular saws. b. Home Depot strategy of stocking 30K items at prices 30% less compare to traditional hardware stores with superior customer service helped Makita to gain marketplace dominance. Makita offered lower prices i. e. ~5% lower on average compared to B;D products.This also helped Makita to gain good perception from Tradesmen segment buyers as their product quality was reasonably good. 2. What should Joe Galli do? Why? c. I suggest to go with option 4 and use market products under DeWalt’s brand in addition to existing B;D products. This would not hurt existing market share by much and there is great potential of taking away market share from Makita and other suppliers by launching products under a well reputable brand â€Å"DeWalt† in a different color. . Step back and take a big-picture view of the sort of â€Å"change process† that would accompany your recommendations. What would it take to m ake this successful? How about Galli's role — how would you evaluate his ability to be an effective change leader? d. To avoid internal conflict and loosing existing B&D market share, the recommendation is to use DeWalt brand to produce power tools for tradesmen segment in addition to existing B&D products.It would require designing and manufacturing power tools in different color, material and shape to differentiate from existing B&D products with a strong marketing & sales campaign with mass retailers like Home Depot, Lowes, †¦ etc. Dewalt already has a good brand recognition with top quality perception for the target market segment. Additionally, Galli has past experience of transitioning B&D saw blades to â€Å"Piranha by B&D† therefore it is safer to assume that he can lead this change to introduce new product line under DeWalt brand.

The Generalist Social Work Practice - 1331 Words

This perspective can relate to the generalist social work practice because the client’s environment and what is happening around them will always affect them. For example, if you are working with someone with a drug addiction, their environment of being around other drugs and drug addicts, can continue them down this path. Therefore, to resolve the issue, you must work with them and the environment they are in to help them. The community that anyone lives in is the community they are comfortable with. This perspective with help the social worker also gain knowledge over different types of communities and societies, as well as help their clients. The next perspective I chose was the strengths perspective. I chose this perspective because it†¦show more content†¦Another example of this strength perspective is S.J. and Mike’s relationship. From the beginning of the movie, S.J. took a liking to Mike. He encouraged him and he talked to him when others did not. Throughout this movie, you see S.J. and Mike get very close. Not only does S.J. help Mike with football, and training/ working him physically, but he tells him he is proud of him and how good at football he is. S.J. video tapes every one of Mike’s practices and games because he know it will help Mike, This is an example of strength perspective because instead of focusing on all the wrong things that could happen with bringing a strange colored man into a white home, S.J. embraces the idea. He brings Mike up and he allows Mike to see the things he is best at. The macro study of the strength perspective could be working with the community in the adaption of a large black man into their white and normal culture. We could work with the community in order to reveal the strengths of this idea and the benefits to accepting it. Not only can we work on the ideas of accepting it, but we can work on the base of why they do not accept it. This can allow us to work as a community in order to accept the change, rather than deny it. They can, â€Å"Map out a domain of community strengths and building upon existing networks of support and the strengths of the individual, group and community. In addition it seeks to reinforce the strengths of individuals and of the community through variousShow MoreRelatedThe Generalist Social Work Practice1210 Words   |  5 Pages In the generalist social work practice, a social worker is a change agent due to the expansive and complex umbrella of social and human services and roles. A change agent works to promote positive changes for the well-being of an individual, family, group, organization or community. 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The Management Plan For A New Employee - 1250 Words

Every place of employment has standards when going through the hiring process. The new employee of nursing in the hospital/home health and HIPAA is who we are going to focus on. The Veterans Hospital is no different in having a process. Most companies have to develop risk management tools to assist in their safety as well as the employee and we call it: employee training. Within this title, or umbrella, we have several subtitles of items that deal with training or having the credentials for the new employees to reduce risks for everyone. The focus of this risk management plan for nursing of a new employee on HIPAA is to provide an ongoing, extensive, and precise approach to reducing risk vulnerability of HIPPA regulations. The risk†¦show more content†¦With telework the VA goes through a PIV verification and frequent password codes of every three months and mandatory updates. Mobile use is also used as a life line for clarifications and verifications. With this also comes the urge of taking pictures of a patient, texting something that shouldn’t and leaving messages on machines that do not belong to that patient leaving secured information. Also with new fax machines that copy and fax electronically without even printing a single paper we depend on a confirmation sheet that it was delivered to the correct person. With mobile phones, per VA policy, consent must be obtained first before getting pictures and verbal recordings. With electronic faxes, release of Information must still be obtained. Staff must use the ROI Plus software to track the accounting of disclosures. A coversheet must still be used as in normal fax use. Information on drug, alcohol, HIV, or sickle cell anemia status may not be transmitted by fax machine, unless the transmittal is directed to medical personnel to the extent necessary to meet criteria of a medical emergency (Shulkin, 2016). Personal information should never be written on the first cover sheet. 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Human resource management is the governance of an organization s employee. HRM is sometimes referred to simply as human resource. HRM is the process of recruitment, selection of employee, providingRead MoreMaintaining The Good Vibe On Employee Engagement1515 Words   |  7 Pagesthe good vibe on employee engagement is vital for TQM implementation although it is difficult to do so. Organisation need to give extra attention on this problem. Extra workloads and procedures will make the employees feel dissatisfied and leave the company as showed in qualitative results. Additional monetary or non monetary rewards as mentioned by both managers in the interviews are important to enhance the level of engagement and satisfaction among the employees. When employee feel not neededRead MoreCompensation and Benefit System Proposal Essay example1090 Words   |  5 Pagesis on a new strategic direction, to attract and retain the most talented employees and to reduce turn over. Human resource de partment has came up with a new compensation plan. In the propose compensation and benefits system plan , I will explain a new compensation plan for Holland Enterprises, also I will explain the components of the compensation and benefit system plan in order to attract and motivate employees to be productive . In order for the compensation and benefits system plan to be operationalRead MoreChange Management and Comunication Essay1138 Words   |  5 PagesChange Management and Communication Plan MGT/311 February 4, 2013 James Malm Change Management and Communication Plan Riordan Manufacturing has decided to make a change to company’s customer management system. The company does not currently have any formal system for managing their customer information and has traditionally left this up to individual employees. This new system will require all employees to use one customer management system. 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In order to do this there must be some kind of training involved in the hiring process. This training will increase your businesses productivity and performance. After they have been successfully trained, the employees will need some type of perf ormance management system set up

The Discussion Of Teaching Sex Education - 1558 Words

The discussion of teaching sex education in classrooms were brought up as early as 1912. Movies that are used in sex education can alter the way teens think of sex. The films used in sex education portrays the different relationships that are created. The history of sex education in North America is a history of prohibition and has been concerned with limiting the scope of sexuality its ideas, affects, movements and practices. In sex education schools create a space in which students and teachers can potentially think together about the pleasures and risks of sexuality. However, in school-based sex education for youth, especially though but not only in North America, when it comes to talking about sex thoughts of teenage pregnancy, AIDS,†¦show more content†¦All of these subjects can be learned about using sex educational movies. Showing just a rated R sex movie is not educational and will not explain the risk and dangers as opposed to an educational film. The students proba bly know that there is a significant amount of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) that they can catch while engaging in sexual activities. The movies can help break down the reasons for catching the disease, what to do to prevent catching the disease, and how to treat their selves if they in fact do catch an STD. This will inform students that there is more to what they think they already know. Thinking is something other than compliance it is an engagement with uncertainty and doubt and as I explore in this study, it is entangled in the affective histories of sexuality that inspire the capacity to think while also unsettling the wish for understanding. Most parents have the â€Å"Birds and Bees† talk with their children but they are doing the same as a teacher giving the child a lecture. If the parents were to show their child a video about sex it would be more interesting to the child and actually have an effect on the child’s mind and thinking process. According to the article â€Å"Sex and the Cinema: what American Pie teaches the young† Researchers have found virtually no evidence that sex education causes students to change their behavior in one direction or

Federal Government’s Responses to African-American Freedom Equality Free Essays

Towards mid-20th century, American society had been stricken with social problems that stemmed from its history of tolerating and legalizing African slavery during its transition as a nation that has new found independence and freedom as a state. Freed from British colonization, Americans found themselves assuming the role of their previous colonizers; only this time, they became usurpers of the rights of African slaves, who were transported from Africa to America. As the promise of social, economic, and political power became more possible, America in the 20th century sought to create a fair, just, and egalitarian society. We will write a custom essay sample on Federal Government’s Responses to African-American Freedom Equality or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the immediate steps taken by Americans in order to ensure this was the incorporation of Africans and African-Americans into American society. Achieving this, however, was a task not easily accomplished. Apart from people’s fear of breaking the status quo and entering a new social order, the American society also had the perceived threat that if African-Americans would be recognized in the country as equal citizens as Americans, then the privileges and opportunities they have enjoyed would be re-channeled and re-distributed to a larger population. Hence, the threat of decreased opportunities and privileges kept some Americans from accepting African-Americans as equal to them in enjoying the rights, freedom, and liberty as mandated by the American Constitution. The American government, however, sought ways in which African-Americans or black Americans could gain equal rights as Americans. The road towards achieving civil rights was not an easy task for both the black American society and the government. With the combined influence and constitutional power of the Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary branches of the government, black Americans gradually achieved their goal of becoming recognized as citizens of the United States of America. In 1961, the Executive branch of the government, under the leadership of then-president John F. Kennedy, the Affirmative Action program was unveiled and implemented in the education and labor sectors of the American society. Under Kennedy’s leadership, Affirmative Action was implemented as a result of tedious studies by the Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Initially, this program was aimed to provide equal opportunities for black Americans to apply for and enter into jobs or work without being discriminated-that is, they undergo the process of application and acceptance based on their credentials, skills, and knowledge as potential employees/workers for the employer/company. As an improvement to Kennedy’s initial program, President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965 included in the Affirmative Action program the education sector, giving opportunities for black American youth to enjoy the same privileges that Americans have received from the government. Thus, with the inclusion of the education sector in the Affirmative Action program, black American students received scholarships and financial funding from the government and specific entities in the education sector. The program has benefited black American youth through the years. The Judiciary also played an important role in promoting the civil rights movement among African-Americans. Early on in the 1950s, America bore witness to a landmark case, Brown v. Board of Education, wherein Linda Brown, a black-American third grade student, was refused to be admitted in an all-white American school. The complaint was forwarded by Linda’s father because she had to walk one mile in going to her school, when in fact, she only lived seven blocks away from the all-white American school. The school’s refusal to admit Linda Brown signified the persistence of discrimination against black Americans. The case paved the way for educational institutions in America to re-examine themselves, and accept the reality that discrimination promotes social stagnation more than progress and development of America’s youth, whether they are black or white Americans. The legislative branch has been one of the active branches of the government, and has a significant relationship with African-Americans’ fight for their civil rights in the country. While the legislative branch had played the role of adversary, especially during the period wherein the civil rights movement was still in its infancy (implementation of Jim Crow laws and Fugitive Slave Law), the legislative branch nevertheless served as the medium through which black Americans were able to express and argue for their rights. One such example of laws that promoted black American civil rights was the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which promised equal rights and privileges among black Americans. It became the first step for the American society to fully accept the reality that they are equal in status and power as the black Americans. Thus, the Civil Rights Act made American society of this period to become more receptive, understanding, and open to the idea that indeed, American society is fast becoming a diverse and multi-cultural society. How to cite Federal Government’s Responses to African-American Freedom Equality, Papers

Qualitative research Management

Question: Compare and Contrast the Research Methodology of Business Journals? Answer: Introduction Qualitative research is recognized as a particular research approach, through which, it is possible to identify the behaviours of the human index in terms of business context. In this context, it can be stated that qualitative research technique is usually used in the academic studies with an aim of analyzing as well as identifying the appropriate outcomes of a research. On the other hand, quantitative research signifies numerical explanations/ statistical measures, which is usually applied to investigate the evidences of the research by incorporating hypotheses relations in case of business research papers. At the same time, through the assistance of this particular research method, it is possible to identify and evaluate the assumptions of the research. Thesis Statement In this particular assignment, the objective is to compare and contrast the methodology of business research papers, for identifying the chosen samples, implemented sampling strategy and hypothesis/ statistical test related aspects. Moreover, the study will emphasise to identify the similarities and differences between the business research papers by identify the rules and implementation procedure. Moreover, the study will also emphasise towards identifying rational on the basis of evidences of the research. In this regard, the selected business research papers are depicted below: "Business Statistics and Management Science Online: Teaching Strategies and Assessment of Student Learning" of Sebastianelli and Tamimi (2011) "Improving Employees Interpersonal Communication Competencies: A Qualitative Study" of Hynes (2012) Innovative Teaching: An Empirical Study of Computer-Aided Instruction in Quantitative Business Courses of Gonul and Solano (2013) Comparing and Contrasting Of Sampling Methods In order to do the research study, the process of sampling plays an important role specially in order to collect the data for conducting the research study. In article "Business Statistics and Management Science Online: Teaching Strategies and Assessment of Student Learning" of Sebastianelli and Tamimi (2011), we did the investigation of various undergraduate mathematic courses depending on various environment of the online assignment. Moreover, in this particular article we use the estimation techniques by doing the proper use of least square method. Moreover, we also use the process of bias estimation in the terms of resulting different techniques of doing the collection of different information about the heterogeneity impacts among the students. Moreover, in article "Improving Employees Interpersonal Communication Competencies: A Qualitative Study" of Hynes (2012), it mainly discussed about the relationship between the ranges of business success as well as employee engagement. Apa rt from this, in this particular article it uses the collection of primary data in order to analysis different information regarding the development of the effective relationship among employee engagement as well as range of business success. Furthermore, this study also focuses on different implications regarding the development of the business communications. In order to get the results of the analysis, the researcher evaluates all learning outcomes based on all results that are derived by doing the primary research study as well as survey. On the other side, in the article 3, the researcher mainly used the quantitative process of analysis in the terms of doing the analysis of business statistics as well as management science. Moreover, the researcher also focuses on various suitability of the online criteria delivery regarding various quantitative business criteria. Moreover, on the other side, the researcher also illustrates all the online questions that are mainly related with the different learning outcomes as well as assessment regarding the development of various teaching strategies. Moreover, in this article the researcher also used multiple types of approaches in the terms of doing the assessment of student learning (Hynes 466-475). Sampling Method The most important aspect of the research strategy is the collection of the sample through quantitative data collection. The sampling technique is to know about the perception of the respondents. There have been different types of answers, which has been derived in order to make the research paper concrete. The respondents have answered to the homework and the time that they consume in their homework. This is done in the research through the effective collection of the quantitative data. This also includes the class attendance and the amount of time, which is spent by the students in case of the completion of their school work. The strategy of the sampling includes the use of the quantitative process, which helps in the statistical analysis (Balnaves and Caputi 1-272). The major method which has been used is qualitative data collection. This helps in the collection of the data through the method of asking the respondents. This has helped in deriving the ideas along with the implementation of the proper project ideas. The ideas, which are used in the business methods, could be used along with the incorporation of the basic ideas of the employees. The engagement of the employees in the training process has been analyzed in the current scenario effectively. The strategy of the study is to know about the perception through interview. The inclusion criteria of the sampling are through the method of online analysis of the quantitative dat. In such case, the major aspect of the study includes the management of the quality, which is through the strategy of data collection. This helps in the empirical study. The researcher makes use of the survey strategy, which helps in dealing with the analysis through interpretation of statistical data. The strategy analysis helps in the channelling of the research method effectively (Sebastianelli Tamimi 317-325). The Funnel Strategy In order to evaluate the validity, reliability and ethnicity of the provided qualitative based article, it can be asserted that this particular study is highly dependent on secondary research approach for gathering relevant and valued data. At the same time, in order to highlight the validity of this particular research study, it can be claimed that the qualitative research study largely rely on determining the reliability of the data collected. Therefore, the reliability of data compiled will be duly ensured. The expected outcomes in relation to the provided qualitative article can be ascertained as finding out the exact relationship prevailing between employee involvement and business success and confirming that this particular approach facilitates in promoting the emotional well-being of the workers at large (Hynes 466-475). Importations of Derived Rules in Research Methodology The main purpose of this research is informed in the action. These must be seek to the finding contextualize within the body larger of that research. The research must be always quality high in order to the knowledge of the produce that is outside applicable of that particular research implementation with setting that beyond to go the group that already participated into the research. In the near future the result of the study may have the policy implementation and the implementation of the project (Sebastianelli Tamimi 317-325). In the above mentioned projects the process of iterative research ultimately the successful key to the project research lies in the iteration: the returning process of the again remaining and research again to the questions, data and the methods that to leads to the brand new ideas improvements and the revisions. This is much easier to think of the research as the one step after one step, in general it is also called step by step process, in the same hand this is most important to be filled and change to open. Designing by the oftentimes the project of the research to be open and field to changed. The discussing by oftentimes by the research discussing of the project with the peers and advisers one that will find the research new questions that definitely need to be added, the needs of the variables to be omitted, and the changes to the other made changes. As the proposed studies is re-examined and examined from the perspective different, this also to begin to the shape. This is basi cally expected to the good component of a research study. In the addition of this is the most important one of the methods of examine the study. All the given three journals impose these similarities in terms of derivative rules as evaluated by the given researcher (Ockleford and Windridge 1-39). Conclusion From the above analysis and discussion, it can be asserted that the application of quantitative research is quite appropriate and the application of the qualitative method seems to be quite adequate. However, in this regard, it can be recommended that the application of a mixed approach will be more suitable for this particular study. This can be justified with reference to the fact that primary along with secondary data will be gathered in case of mixed approach with the intention of determining appropriate research findings. Reference List Balnaves, M., and Peter C., (2001) Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods: An Investigative Approach. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 2001. Print. Bernard, H. Russell, and Gery W. R. (2010). Qualitative Data Analysis: Systematic Approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Hancock, Beverley, Elizabeth Ockleford, and Kate Windridge. (2009) An Introduction to Qualitative Research. National Institute for Heath and Research, 1-39. Hynes, Geraldine E. (2010) Improving Employees Interpersonal Communication Competencies: A Qualitative Study. Business Communication Quarterly 75(4), 466-475. Print. Sebastianelli, R, and Nabil, T. (2011) Business Statistics and Management Science Online: Teaching Strategies and Assessment of Student Learning. Journal of Education for Business 86, 317325.

Responding to the Challenges Experienced by Working Adult Students free essay sample

This pilot study explores the challenges faced by working adult graduate students at the premier private university in Cambodia. It utilizes survey research methods to elicit student opinions about the challenges they face as working adults and what they believe the university, their instructors, their peers, and they themselves can do to address these challenges and achieve a better work-life balance. The conceptual context for the research reviews literature pertaining to higher education in developing countries, the needs of adult learners, and the work-life balance challenges experienced by adult learners. Because this literature is based on western research, this study seeks to understand the challenges faced by adult learners in the particular cultural context of Cambodia. It concludes that, based on the data collected from a limited sample, Cambodian working adult students face many of the same challenges as working adult students in other cultural contexts. It recommends that a broader study on the topic be conducted and offers preliminary recommendations for how the university, instructors, student peers, and individual students can address challenges faced by working students in Cambodia. We will write a custom essay sample on Responding to the Challenges Experienced by Working Adult Students or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page INTRODUCTION Having emerged in the late 1990s from three decades of armed conflict and political instability, Cambodia is one of the poorest nations in the world. With 36% of its population living below the official poverty line, Cambodia ranks 87 out of 135 countries measured by the UN Human Poverty Index (UNDP, 2009), placing it between Djibouti and India. The UN Human Development Index (UNDP, 2009), which assesses a broader range of factors including life expectancy; adult literacy and educational enrollment; and the ability to have a decent standard of living, ranks Cambodia 137 out of 182 countries studied, placing it between Congo and Myanmar. Prolonged civil conflict destroyed Cambodia’s educational institutions. During the Khmer Rouge era of 1975-1979, teachers and intellectuals were targeted for execution, schools were converted to political prisons, and books were systematically destroyed (Hagadorn, 2004. ) The political instability that continued through the late 1990s delayed the country’s ability to move into a period of economic and human development. The Royal Government of Cambodia’s Rectangular Strategy, which forms the basis for its National Strategic Development Plan (Ministry of Planning, 2006), cites capacity building and human resource development as one of five pillars together with improvements in agriculture, development of the private sector and employment, rehabilitation of infrastructure, and good governance that are essential for national development. The Education Strategic Plan: 2006-2010 (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, 2006) calls for improvements in access to and quality of education at all levels from preschool through higher education. On one hand, a mid-term review of the strategy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, 2008) indicates that 6% of the government’s education budget focused on higher education and that acceptable progress has been made on most higher education targets, with the exception of increasing enrollments in science, technology, and math. On the other hand, the World Economic Forum Competitiveness Report: 2008-2009, cited by Green (2003), ranked the quality of Cambodia’s higher education system as the lowest in Southeast Asia, although data for Lao PDR and Myanmar were not available. It is understandable that the current priority of the Ministry is to ensure basic education for all; however, in the long term, quality higher education will be a key to economic development. Lack of quality in higher education is reflected in the reality that while the number of higher education institutions in Cambodia rose from ten to more than seventy during the period from 2000-2008, only one in ten graduates is able to find employment in their area of study because of a gap between what they learn and the skills employers need (AsiaOne, 2008. ) Students currently pursuing higher education in Cambodia often experienced deficient education at the primary, secondary and high school levels where didactic methods are used almost exclusively, due to teacher training and classroom overcrowding. As a result, students may enter higher education with poor basic skills and study habits, and difficulties with critical and analytical thinking (personal observation). In addition, according to one expert, â€Å"Some students are scared of studying hard and think what they need is any degree, not quality. † (AsiaOne, 2008. ) To complicate matters further, many students, particularly those studying at the graduate level, must balance their academic studies with full time jobs and family obligations. This suggests that innovative strategies are needed to provide appropriate support to working students to ensure that their efforts result not only in a certificate, but in quality learning and workforce preparedness. This study’s research purpose is to learn about the challenges experienced by working adult students at the graduate level at one of Cambodia’s premiere educational institutions. In addition, it seeks to understand students’ opinions about what the university, their teachers, their fellow students and they themselves can do to help them achieve better work-life balance, which in turn, may have a positive influence on learning outcomes. In addition to these research purposes, there are two additional purposes that motivate this study. First, on a personal level, as a teacher of working adult students in a graduate research methods course, I have observed first hand the difficulties students experience in balancing school with other obligations and their difficulties in completing their coursework at a high level of quality. Most are able to pass the class, but few master the course material. As a result, the course is taught on a pass/not pass basis, to avoid damaging the students’ grade point averages. Therefore, this study also seeks to understand what these students need, as working adults, to be successful in their studies. Second, at a practical level, this research aims (1) to generate preliminary data and conclusions that suggest actions that the university, teachers and students can take to enrich the learning experience and (2) to recommend areas for further study. The subjects for this research are students attending an Introduction to Research Methods course on Sunday mornings during the Summer 2010 term. Twenty-four students who attended the first day of class were asked to complete a questionnaire that included 13 items related to the research. A contingency question, â€Å"Do you work? † was used to identify any students who did not fit the category of â€Å"adult working student. † Only one questionnaire was eliminated because the student does not work. Therefore, a total of 23 students are included in the pilot study. The questionnaire included questions about students’ major field of study, type of employment, number of hours worked and amount of travel required by their employer. It then asks about major challenges experienced by the student and solicits opinions regarding what the university, instructors and peers, and the students themselves can do to help the students achieve better work-life balance. Responses to closed-ended questions were tabulated and responses to open-ended questions were coded and organized into themes. CONCEPTUAL CONTEXT FOR THE RESEARCH Personal Observations Having completed master’s and doctoral degrees as a full time working adult, I have first-hand experience with the challenges experienced by adult learners. Juggling the competing demands of work, studies, family and social obligations, and household chores requires careful time management, negotiation with those who present demands to the working student, and often leaves the working student exhausted. In my experience, I was able to meet these challenges by organizing my time carefully, receiving positive support from family and friends, negotiating with my employer to reduce travel assignments, taking earned leave when facing major course deadlines, and making personal sacrifices. In my teaching, I observe that my students often arrive at class tired, regularly state that they are â€Å"too busy† to complete school work and frequently ask permission to be absent due to work-related travel, assigned meetings, family emergencies, obligations to care for older and younger family members, and important social functions, such as weddings and religious ceremonies. Having worked in Cambodia for more than five years, I believe my students do not have the same freedom I enjoyed in the U. S. to negotiate with employers, family members, and friends to make their studies a high priority. When I asked my students, â€Å"Are you able to negotiate with your family regarding family obligations? † and â€Å"Are you able to negotiate with your employer regarding work obligations? † as a group they emphatically responded â€Å"no. † In addition, having been raised in primary, secondary and high schools that may not have rewarded students based on merit, Cambodian students may not enter the university with the same levels of discipline and time management skills that college-bound students in the West typically develop. In the case of female students, some of their families may not place a high value on female education, and therefore, may not encourage them in their studies. As a result, female students may be under greater pressure to sacrifice their academic pursuits to respond to family obligations. Literature Review After conducting an internet-based search for literature, three areas appear especially relevant to understanding the context for this research study: (1) Higher education in developing countries; (2) The special needs of adult learners; (3) Challenges in maintaining work-life balance among adult learners. Higher Education in Developing Countries The World Conference on Higher Education (UNESCO, 1998) created a vision statement and action framework for higher education in the 21st century. The report notes that higher education is essential for socio-cultural and economic development. While the availability of higher education increased six-fold during the second half of the 20th century, unequal access to higher education also increased between industrial and non-industrial countries and between socio-economic groups within countries. Of particular concern to the members of the conference is the continuing gender gap in access to higher education. The report states that, because the rate of social and technological change is at an historical high, emphasis must be given to lifelong learning to continually update skills to address evolving social and market needs. As a result, higher education must address not only the needs of young students, but also the needs of students who are re-entering the university mid-way or late in their careers. The key challenge for education systems is â€Å"creating opportunities for adult learning in flexible, open and creative ways. † (pg. 14. ) Donor organizations, such as the World Bank, the Organization of Economic Cooperation and the United Nations often view education as a means to produce human capital to drive economic growth and, therefore, focus on producing workers with specific technical skills (Spring, 1998. ) This approach does not give sufficient emphasis to building productive citizens and future leaders who are able to think critically about society and find creative solutions to emerging problems (UNESCO, 1998. ) Nor does it take into account that, as the world economy changes, â€Å"knowledge supplants physical capital as the source of present (and future) wealth† (Task Force on Higher Education and Society, 2000. ) Bloom and Rosovsky (2003) assert that higher education ought to focus on â€Å"teaching students how to think rather than what to think, and how to learn rather than what to learn† (pg. 2. ) The Task Force on Higher Education and Society (2000) suggests that if markets alone drive educational choices, many disciplines that are critical to social development and citizen empowerment, for example basic sciences and the humanities, will be under-provided. The task force calls on leaders in the field of education to advocate for their inclusion in curricula. Special Needs of Adult Learners Statistics are not readily available as to what percentage of university students in Cambodia can be classified as ‘adult students,’ which is typically defined as students who are 25 years or older (Peck and Varney, 2009. ) According to a study by Noel-Levitz (2008), in the U. S. , 50% of university students are adults. Seventy percent of female university students are adults (Bash, 2003. ) A variety of factors lead people to become adult students, including the desire for a job promotion, following the example of friends or co-workers, or internal motivation to achieve (Norman Davies Group, 2005. ) Others may seek education as a means to cope with a life-changing experience, such as marriage, divorce, being fired from a job, or moving to a new city (Zemke and Zemke, 1984. ) Adult students differ from younger students in many ways (Zemke and Zemke, 1984. ) They bring a significant amount of practical knowledge with them to the classroom. They are less interested in theory and more interested in applying new knowledge. They find it difficult to integrate information that conflicts with what they already know. They prefer practice to lectures. And they have many other responsibilities in their lives. Knowles, Holton, and Swanson (1998) add that adults need to understand why they need to learn something. In addition, they are responsible, and therefore accountable, for their own decisions regarding what and how they learn. Because adults bring different needs and preferences to the classroom, instructors must use a variety of teaching methods, including discussion, debate, and in-class exercises. The key role of the educator is not so much to teach the adult, but to facilitate the adult’s own learning process (Zemke and Zemke, 1984. ) Challenges in Maintaining Work-Life Balance among Adult Learners Many adult students work full time and also provide care to children and older relatives. They may be involved in community and volunteer activities. When they decide to add higher education to the mix of activities, they risk under-achieving in some aspect of their lives because they are not able to balance all of the demands on their time (Fairchild, 2003. ) Mercer (1993) describes three types of barriers that can serve as threats to the adult student’s ability to succeed: situational barriers, dispositional barriers, and institutional barriers. Situational barriers include the need to care for children and older relatives, finances, and job responsibilities. Many working adults must make temporary career sacrifices in order to manage family and school responsibilities. Dispositional barriers include experiencing conflicts among competing demands; having insufficient time to meet demands, resulting in overload; and worrying about one role while performing another. Increased demands can lead to stress, anxiety and depression, especially for female students who are low income or have young children. Institutional barriers result when class work does not integrate work experience, when classes are not offered during appropriate days and hours, and when students are unable to develop a social network within the university. According to the Mayo Clinic (accessed July 2010 from www. mayoclinic. com), the fatigue caused by managing multiple priorities can lead to poor productivity and even costly mistakes due to unclear thinking. Relationships also can suffer, leading to a sense of isolation. Fairchild (2003) notes that multiple roles can be helpful to adult students because learning can be applied immediately to work; adult students have more life experience to draw upon; and adult students make the most of class time. Acknowledging that all working students have to make sacrifices to succeed, Hoak (2007), suggests several methods for improving work-life balance, or at least keeping stress at a manageable level. First, she recommends having a specific, long-term goal in mind and keeping sight of it. Students who are seeking specific benefits, rather than general knowledge, are better able to keep sacrifices in perspective. Second, she suggests taking a step by step approach to re-entering the academic world by enrolling at first in one or two courses before committing to full time studies. Third, she notes that the families and friends of working adult students also make sacrifices when they do not have access to the student’s time and that the student should remind others that their life is going to be different for a period of time and request their active support. Finally, she encourages adult students to maintain good performance on the job and, if possible, to solicit their supervisors’ support. RESEARCH QUESTIONS A significant amount of research has been done on the topics of the special needs of adult learners and the challenges they face in maintaining a healthy work-life balance. The literature specifically cites the demands on the adult learner to manage work responsibilities, school responsibilities and family and social obligations and the stress, anxiety and exhaustion that can result from these efforts. My own experience as a working adult learner reinforces these research conclusions. In my efforts to complete master’s and doctoral level degrees as a working adult, it was necessary to make sacrifices in social and family relationships and even in meeting basic health needs. For example, it was difficult to keep up a regular program of exercise, I seldom was able to enjoy a full night’s sleep, and leisure time became a distant memory. While there is a significant body of research on the topics of working adult learners and work-life balance, most of the available studies were conducted in the United States. Therefore, a gap in knowledge that this research seeks to address is to learn more about the dynamics of being a working adult student in the cultural context of Cambodia. Based on my observations, I believe working adult students in Cambodia have less ability to negotiate with employers and families to reduce obligations or to manage them in a flexible manner. Therefore, the research questions that guide this study are: (1) What are the key challenges faced by working adults studying at the master’s level at a private university in Cambodia? (2) What actions do the students believe the university, their instructors, their peers and they themselves can take to help them address these challenges? RESEARCH METHODS This research is a quantitative, pilot study utilizing survey research methods, specifically, a questionnaire. Because little is known about the challenges faced by working adult students in Cambodia, a pilot study was selected to test a questionnaire instrument and determine whether it produces the data needed to understand the research topic. The research has both descriptive and exploratory components. It is descriptive because it describes the current situation and opinions of a group of adult students studying at the master’s level at a private university in Cambodia. It is exploratory because, although there is a large body of literature and research available about adult learners and work-life balance issues in general, these topics have not been studied in the particular cultural context of Cambodia. It does not attempt to draw conclusions regarding causes and effects, and therefore, is not an explanatory research study. The study population consists of master’s level students who attended the first day of my course, Introduction to Research Methods. Twenty-four students attended this first class, out of which 23 are working students; therefore, the study population consists of 23 students. This group was selected because, as their instructor, I have easy access to them. In addition, because this is a course in research methods, using class time to give the students first-hand experience completing a research questionnaire, and modeling how a questionnaire should be administered, is justified as a learning experience. After the questionnaire was distributed, I reviewed it with the students and explained key concepts in questionnaire design contained in the instrument. These students study on the weekend and, therefore, may not represent students who study on weeknights or during the day. In addition, most of the students are enrolled in education or business-related majors and are fairly advanced in their studies. Therefore, the pilot results can only be generalized to advanced master’s degree students in education and business-related majors who study on the weekend. However, it was felt that their responses would be sufficient to test the instrument and develop recommendations for a study focused on a larger population. A questionnaire was selected as the research instrument because it provides an efficient means to gather data. Because I was using class time to gather data, using interviews or focus groups would have presented an unfair time burden to the subjects. The questionnaire was administered on a confidential basis. Students wrote their names and other identifying information on the instrument. I considered whether students would respond more candidly to an anonymous questionnaire. Because past students have regularly spoken openly with me about the challenges they face as working adults, there is reason to believe the responses are honest and, therefore, the data can be considered reliable for this particular population. The questionnaire consists of 13 questions related to the research topic. Seven of these are closed-ended questions related to the student’s major, type of employment, number of hours worked each week, and how often the student must travel for his or her employer. Five open-ended questions asked the students to describe the major challenges they face as working students and asked their opinions about what the university, teachers, classmates and they themselves can do to help them manage these challenges. Students were able to complete the questionnaire within the 20 minutes allotted. A review of responses suggests that both the closed-ended and open-ended questions were easily understood and elicited appropriate responses. This is further evidence that the data is reliable. Initially, simple tabulations were made of the responses to closed-ended questions. Responses to open-ended questions were coded and categorized into themes. Once this initial data management was completed, the data were examined for correlations that deserve further analysis. For example, the researcher believed there may be differences in the types of challenges students report based on gender, major field of study, type of employer, number of hours worked per week and frequency of work-related travel. A review of the data did not point to correlations, which may be a result of the small study population, and therefore, no correlation analysis was performed. There are two potential ethical issues involved in this research. The first is related to the principle of voluntary participation. Because my subjects are my students, and because the questionnaire was administered on the first day of class, it is unlikely that students would feel comfortable refusing to complete the questionnaire. In order to mitigate this potential ethical problem, I focused on questions that I felt would not be sensitive. For example, I believe that family obligations create significant role conflicts for adult working students in Cambodia; however, questions about the students’ personal lives may have created psychological distress and, therefore, I avoided questions of that type. Instead, I limited my questions to ones that were related to work life and student life. In addition, the students were in control of how much information they gave in response to open-ended questions, which gives them the opportunity to decide, on a voluntary basis, how much information they want to reveal. A second potential ethical problem relates to the principle of protecting the subject’s identity. I selected a confidential, rather than anonymous, questionnaire format. As discussed above, because students regularly speak openly with me about the challenges they face as working adults, and because I did not ask questions that relate to personal and family relationships, this does not seem to present a serious ethical problem. The benefit it provides is that, as a teacher, I have an opportunity to better understand the challenges faced by individual students. DATA PRESENTATION This section of the report first presents descriptive data about the characteristics of students and their work commitments gathered from closed-ended survey questions. It then presents student responses to open-ended questions about the challenges they face as working students and their opinions about how the university, teachers, classmates and they can do to help them manage the challenges of being a working student. These responses have been coded and organized into response categories. Of the twenty-three students who work, eighteen (78%) are male and five (22%) are female. Figure 1: Gender of Study Participants The study participants are relatively young, with sixteen (70%) of them in the 20-29 year age range and six (26%) in the 30-39 year age range. Only one (4%) is forty years of age or older. Figure 2: Ages of Study Participants The majority of the study participants are management (48%) or education (36%) majors. Figure 3: Major Areas of Study of Research Participants The largest number of students (28%) work for corporations, followed by 20% who work for a university. Twelve percent of the study population works, respectively, for a family business; primary, secondary or high school; or an international NGO. One student is employed by the government. Figure 4: Type of Employer Type of Employer Number % of Total Self-employed 1 4% Small to medium family business 3 12% Corporation 7 28% Primary, secondary or high school 3 12% University 5 20% Local NGO 1 4% International NGO 3 12% Government 1 4% No response 1 4% Not including their study time, eleven of the respondents (48%) work more than forty hours per week while eight additional students (34%) work from twenty to forty hours per week. Figure 5: Number of hours worked per week Sixty-five percent (15) of the students report they do not travel for work, while 35% (8) report work-related travel. Figure 6: Percentage of students reporting work-related travel Among the eight students who report work-related travel obligations to provinces or other countries, 38% responded that they have weekly travel, 25% reported monthly travel, and 38% reported occasional travel as needed, but less often than monthly. Figure 7: Frequency of Work-Related Travel The following data represents the students’ opinions regarding the major challenges they face as working adults and what the university, their teachers, fellow students, and they themselves can do to help them address these challenges. Students were able to provide multiple responses to the open-ended questions; therefore, percentages are calculated based on the number of responses, rather than the number of students in the study population. Students reported three key challenges they face as working adult students: not having enough time; tired, which was linked with difficulty concentrating on course work; and conflict among competing roles. In addition, students in the â€Å"other† category reported that classes are not relevant to their work; they often hand in assignments late; significant travel to attend classes; financial management; and difficulties maintaining a B average. Figure 8: Key challenges faced by working adult students Number of responses = 38 Sixty percent of students would like the university to adopt a more â€Å"student centered† approach by revising class schedules and improving access to student services, including library and computer labs, on the weekend. Twenty-two percent would like classes to integrate more closely with their work, and 17% want more flexibility around deadlines for dropping and adding classes. Only one student asked the university to require instructors to give fewer assignments. Figure 9: Steps the University can take to address student challenges Number of responses = 23 `Students recommended that instructors take a number of steps to help them address their challenges as working adults. Figure 10: Steps instructors can take to address student challenges Recommendation Frequency % of responses Be available for student consultation through appointments, email and telephone 8 26% Be understanding and flexible about students’ needs 6 19% Make teaching applicable to students’ jobs 6 18% Provide clear guidance and assignments 5 15% Use interactive teaching methods 4 13% Give appropriate amount of reading 2 6% Number of responses = 31 A clear majority of students (63%) believe their peers can help them address their challenges by sharing information, knowledge and experiences. This includes sharing lecture notes and information when a student is absent, sharing work experience related to the course, and helping students to understand course material they find confusing. Twenty percent want their peers to participate more actively in group work and 17% want their peers to engage more actively in class discussions. Figure 11: Steps peers can take to address student challenges Number of responses = 30 A majority of student responses (53%) pointed to improved time management as a method to help them address their challenges, with some responses pointing to the need to make sacrifices (less rest and relaxation. ) Thirteen percent of student responses, respectively, suggested the need to improve self-motivation and commitment; to consult more often with the instructor and other students to understand course material; and to focus more in class. Responses in the â€Å"other† category included reading more, attending class regularly and cutting down on spending. Figure 12: Steps students can take to address their own challenges Number of responses = 32 DATA ANALYSIS This section of the report provides conclusions related to the conceptual context for the research and provides recommendations to the university, instructors, classmates, and individual students. Review of Research Purposes and Questions The purposes of this study are to better understand the challenges experienced by working adult students studying at the master’s level at PUC; what students need to be successful in their studies; and to produce recommendations to instructors, the university and students regarding what they can do to address student needs. Therefore, this study focused on two key research questions: (1) What are the key challenges faced by working adults studying at the master’s level at a private university in Cambodia? (2) What actions do the students believe the university, their instructors, their peers and they themselves can take to help them address these challenges? Conclusions Zemke and Zemke (1984) note that adult students are interested in applied knowledge and respond best to a variety of teaching methods that minimize lectures and include discussions and exercises. A significant number of participants in this study note their desire that coursework be relevant to their jobs and cite interactive teaching methods and consultation with instructors and peers as important sources of learning. Knowles, Horton, and Swenson (1998) assert that adults are responsible and accountable for their own learning. The students in this study appear to agree with this opinion as a majority point to time management and peer interaction as methods to support their learning process and address the challenges they face as working adult students. Fairchild (2003) discusses the multiple roles that adult learners must manage and the stress this can create. While this study avoided asking questions about role conflicts related to personal and family commitments, it is somewhat surprising that none of the students cited family obligations in response to open-ended questions.